Measure the width or diameter of your table in inches. Then, look for chandeliers that are between 2/3 and 3/4 of that width or diameter. A fixture with a busy or complex design will actually appear larger, so if that's what is catching your eye, you may want to scale your maximum width down slightly.
Assuming you have 8-foot ceilings, the bottom of the fixture should hang between 30 and 36 inches above the tabletop. But if your ceilings are higher, the suggestion is to add 3 more inches above the table for each additional foot of ceiling.
If you have a long dining room table, you can use 2 chandeliers to light it. In that case, choose fixtures that are 1/3 the length of the table. (A table that's 60 inches long would need two lights with 20-inch diameters or widths.) Center each of those chandeliers over its half of the table.
For ambient lighting use, measure the length and width of the room you wish to light. Then convert this number to inches by adding them together. This is the ideal width of the fixture.
For example, an 18-inch wide fixture would be ideal for an 8x10 foot room.
To find an ideal height for a chandelier, take the room's height, then multiply it by 2.5 and 3, which will give you 2 numbers. (For example, if your room has a 10-foot ceiling, you will get 25 and 30.) Those two numbers are a good range for chandelier heights.
The standard height for hanging a chandelier in ambient use is 7 feet from the bottom of the chandelier to the floor, but adjust this as needed depending on the size of the fixture, your ceiling heights, heights of the room's occupants, etc.
If you have a very high vaulted ceiling, hang the chandelier from a longer length of chain or a longer downrod so the fixture is closer to the people who will be in the room (and who will need light to see) instead of being far up in the ceiling.
Special note: If you are considering placing a chandelier over a bathtub, know that the National Electric Code requires that there be 8 feet between the highest point of the bathtub's walls and the lowest point of the fixture, which does include crystals that descend past the fixture's structure. You may have local building codes that further restrict or even ban this practice. (In that case, an alternative is to center the chandelier in the bathroom, where it will still be visible from the tub.)
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